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Dairy
Manufacturers of cheese, market milk, and dairy ingredients worldwide rely on Pall as the company to meet their filtration product, service and process safety requirements. Pall provides a full range of value-added filtration, separation and purification products to support dairy producers worldwide. Our filtration solutions satisfy the spectrum of filtration requirements ranging from general-purpose clarification all the way up to high-end protein separations.
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An international team of Pall dairy specialists work in |
In the Spotlight |
Pall crossflow membranes and chromatography sorbents equip process separation systems with new options for purifying milk proteins and peptides for higher yields and faster profits. With Pall comprehensive fractionation assortment, Dairy customers will benefit from mining from milk high-quality proteins that display both nutritional and functionality characteristics in foods.
Supporting its global network of Dairy processing specialists, Pall has also additional customized services.
High-Quality Dairy Utilities
Uncontrolled contamination in dairy manufacturing takes its toll in many ways. With the many sources of contamination present in dairy plants, risk is high for product recall and its profit-reducing consequences of lost sales, lost product and lost brand equity.
Microbial and physical hazards are easily released into the final product by contact with equipment or process fluids. Dairy processors concerned about consumer safety and product image incorporate various type of filtration to remove microorganisms and other particulate or suspended materials from utilities such as air, water, steam and gas.
Air
Air or gas used for product agitation or transportation, drying of products or working surfaces and incorporation into dairy product must be sanitary. The 3A standard for supplying air under pressure in contact with milk, milk product and product contact surface is Number 604-03. However, the use of “3A Standard Air” produces a visually clarified fluid to the naked eye, but does not assure safe microbial quality.
Solution – 0.2 µm sterilizing grade filters guarantee that air is not a source of contamination.
Water
The utilization of high-quality water is required in dairy to enhance and ensure product quality and image. The type and extent of filtration is dependent on the final use and pretreatment given to water. For example, the maintenance of sterile conditions during aseptic processing and packaging will require that all lubricating/cooling water used for the pistons and filling heads must be sterile.
Solution - Prefiltering the water through an absolute rated depth filter and then sterile filtering through a 0.2µm membrane filter.
Steam
Steam is used for equipment sterilization and direct or indirect thermal processing of foods. Whenever steam is used to sterilize equipment or filters, the particles of rust from the boiler and transfer lines will foul the equipment surfaces, and block steam valves, filling orifices and filter pores. The net result is an overall loss in the efficiency of processing and an added cost of extra cleaning and passivation. Additionally, steam introduced directly into food products should be free of such particles.
Solution – A stainless steel filter using Pall PSS 316L porous media will remove particles and rust contaminants, thus alleviating these problems.
Table 1 – Overview of Filtration Applications for Utilities in the Dairy Industry| Filter Placement | Pall Product Series | Recommended* Micron Rating |
Objective |
|---|---|---|---|
| Air/Gas | |||
| Critical Venting | Emflon® PFAW Emflon® PFRW Emflon® PFW |
0.2µm 0.2µm sterilizing grade |
Remove molds, yeasts, bacteria and aerosolized bacteriophages |
| Aseptic filling and packaging |
Emflon® PFAW Emflon® PFRW Emflon® PFW |
0.2µm 0.2µm sterilizing grade |
Remove molds, yeasts, bacteria and aerosolized bacteriophages |
| Spray Drying | Emflon® PFAW Emflon® PFRW Emflon® PFW Emflon® CPFR |
0.2µm 0.2µm sterilizing grade |
Remove molds, yeasts, bacteria and aerosolized bacteriophages |
| Foaming/Whipping | Emflon® PFAW Emflon® PFRW Emflon® PFW |
0.2 µm 0.2 µm sterilizing grade |
Remove molds, yeasts, bacteria and aerosolized bacteriophages |
| General use | Ultipor® GF+ or Ultipleat® Profile |
1.0 µm to 20 µm | Remove dust and visible contaminants, protect downstream sterile filters |
| After Compressor | ZM Coalescer | 0.3 µm | Remove oil and water aerosols to 0.003 ppmw and particles to 0.3 |
| Sparging | 1.3 µm | Produce discrete air bubbles | |
| Water | |||
| Supplied to equipment, centrifuges, separators, pump seals, homogenizers, heat exchangers |
Ultipleat®High Flow Filter Elements with Profile® UP media, Pall®Aria System,Claris®,Nexis®, Marksman™ |
5 – 20 µm | Remove particles, enhance equipment efficiency and protection |
| Prior to MF, UF, RO systems |
Ultipleat®High Flow Filter |
1 – 5 µm | Remove particles, protect membranes |
| Final product rinsing, dilution |
Ultipleat® High Flow Filter |
1 – 5 µm | Reduce bioburden to enhance shelf life |
| Sterile water | 0. 2 µm or 0.1 µm | Remove spoilage microorganisms | |
| Steam | |||
| Culinary steam for direct injection or sterilization |
1.3 µm | Remove particles, reduce fouling of heat exchangers, improve heat transfer | |
*See individual product brochures for details of test methods used.
Reliable Dairy Processing – Pall Total Fluid ManagementSM (TFM) for Critical Process Control
No chain is stronger than its weakest link. This is why the Pall® TFM program addresses every point in the process where a product might be in contact with microbial contaminants or processor survivors. The Pall® TFM program brings together filtration and separation products with scientific services and intelligent and cost-effective fluid management systems. Figure 1 illustrates how Pall® TFM can be applied in yogurt manufacturing.
A preliminary risk assessment and process survey are used to determine the process critical points. Each critical point must be addressed individually and must be ascribed a specific filter sequence. Each filtration sequence includes exceptionally durable and reliable membrane filters for maximum biological protection against bacteria, endotoxins and viruses.
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More Value from Milk: Pall Comprehensive Fractionation Assortment
Membralox® ceramic membranes are asymmetric UF and MF membranes composed of porous support and filtering layers. Membrane materials (alumina, zirconia, titania) provide high resistance to a wide range of pH, chemicals, temperature and pressure. High compactness of the multichannel membrane combined with high permeability enable treatment of large volumes with high throughput.
Membralox® GP membranes have a longitudinal permeability gradient that allows for homogeneous and calibrated permeation along the flow channel. This results in marked improvement of whole utilization of membrane surface within a stable microfiltration regime.
Applications:- Microbial removal (bacteria and spores) from milk and whey
- Defatting of whey
- Casein separation from whey proteins
- Protein standardization
- Fresh cheese concentration
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Pall BioSepra® Chromatography Sorbents
The dairy-dedicated line of Pall® BioSepra™ products comprises different sorbents that are used to capture and purify proteins such as Alphalactalbumin, Betalactoglobulin, Lactoferrin, and Lactoperoxydase from milk and whey.
The Pall® Ceramic HyperD® range of sorbents are rigid porous beads that are coated and permeated with functionalized cation and anion exchange hydrogels. This gives the beads outstanding rigidity and flow performance as well as exceptional mass transfer and dynamic properties.
The Pall® SPEC 70 SLS sorbent is a spherical semi-rigid microbead of acrylic copolymers that generates low back pressures at typical low-pressure liquid chromatography process flow rates. The strongly bound anion exchange groups, which are an integral part of the polymer structure, are found within its three-dimensional structure. Each sub-unit of the polymer possesses hydrophilic groups, which ensure biocompatibility and prevent non-specific adsorption.
Applications:- Dairy protein capture and purification
- Dairy polypeptide and peptide purification
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Pall Microza* Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration Modules
* Microza is a registered trademark of Asahi Kasei Corporation.
Applications:- Concentration of protein downstream chromatography elution
- Cheese brine regeneration
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Contamination Control: Filtration Essentials for Infant Formula
The TFM program also targets secondary fluids, preventing premature equipment failure and the creation of potential contaminant entry paths.
Applications
- Pure ingredients
- High-quality process water
- High-quality steam
- Reliable critical air and venting
- Critical process control
For further information please refer to our brochure
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Pall Service Management
Pall offers troubleshooting and consultancy service to ensure that your processes run smoothly and that potential process improvements are introduced in a controlled manner to result in significant benefits and costs savings.
Process Audit Contamination Analysis
Pall has over 50 years experience in contamination analysis and control, and offers a complete service for process audits for critical contamination points identification and subsequent analysis of particulate and microbial contaminants. Our goal is to ensure your product purity. Investigations are fully documented and a technical report is issued to you at the end of the study.
ProteinChip® Purification Development and Identification
Available in Pall laboratories around the world, ProteinChip® technology, used with arrays of sorbent chemistry, provides a very fast method to assess samples for binding and elution of molecules under different conditions. This is a unique process development tool which saves development time and generates more valuable information that conventional operation of small scouting columns alone. Samples may be assessed in Pall’s own laboratories, and Pall can also work with customers to develop in-house capability. As well as its use in purification development, this service can be used for expression monitoring and product analysis of protein.
Chromatography Packing Studies
The consistency in performance of a chromatography column is highly dependent upon the effectiveness of the packing method. Pall offers the ability to run trials, to optimize packing methods. and confirm bed stability on repeated cycles.
Process Optimization
Using some of the tools above in tandem with all conventional methods we are ready to offer specific guidance where our own customer’s resources may be stretched or where additional data is required quickly. In the most demanding critical situations we can often make the difference.
Training
Based on a broad process expertise, Pall has developed training modules for all aspects of purification and separation technology including filtration and chromatography. They are both advanced scientific and at basic operator training levels. These services can be tailored to specific customer needs.
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